Tattooing In Prehistoric Societies

Long before the inked bodies of modern culture, prehistoric societies were adorning their skin with intricate tattoos, leaving behind a remarkable legacy of artistry and identity. The earliest evidence of tattooing dates back to around 3300 BCE, found on the remarkably preserved body of Ötzi the Iceman, discovered in the Ötztal Alps on the border between Austria and Italy. His body bore 61 tattoos—simple lines and cross-hatching—which researchers believe may have served both therapeutic and symbolic purposes.

In the heart of ancient Egypt, tattooing was not uncommon among women, as illustrated by the striking mummies of the time. Elaborate tattoos often depicted symbols associated with fertility and protection. A notable example is the tattooed remains of Amunet, a priestess of Hathor, whose body, discovered in the early 20th century, bore an array of symbols such as cows and a divine eye, etched into her skin over 3,000 years ago.

Farther afield, the Polynesian islands embraced tattooing as an essential aspect of their culture. The word “tatau” is rooted in the Samoan language and reflects the deep cultural significance of these body artworks. From as early as 2000 BCE, tattooing was a rite of passage, with designs symbolizing lineage, social status, and personal achievements. These tattoos could cover large areas of the body—the most famous being the intricate full-body designs of the Māori, signifying a warrior’s identity and history.

Across the globe, from the frozen steppes of Siberia to the jungles of South America, ancient tribes utilized tattoos to tell their stories. The preserved remains of tattooed mummies in Peru point to a practice that not only marked individuals but also connected them to their lineage and beliefs. These markings encapsulated a profound human desire for expression, leaving an indelible mark on the canvas of history.