The Lighthouse Of Pharos In Archaeological Record

Standing tall on the shores of ancient Alexandria, the Lighthouse of Pharos was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a beacon that guided sailors safely into one of history’s greatest ports. Completed around 280 BC during the reign of Ptolemy II, this architectural marvel soared an astonishing 330 feet high, making it one of the tallest man-made structures of the ancient era. Crafted from a blend of white marble and granite, its three distinct tiers—square base, octagonal midsection, and cylindrical crown—were adorned with a massive statue of Zeus or Poseidon, depending on the source.

Located on the small island of Pharos, which was connected to Alexandria by a causeway known as the Heptastadion, the lighthouse featured a brilliant flame at its pinnacle that illuminated the surrounding waters for miles. Historians believe it utilized a series of mirrors and polished bronze to amplify the light, creating a guiding beacon that was both awe-inspiring and functional. Roman architect Vitruvius praised its engineering, stating that it was not only a marvel of design but also an essential tool for maritime navigation.

Despite surviving earthquakes in 956 AD, 1170 AD, and 1323 AD that severely damaged the structure, the Lighthouse ultimately succumbed to the elements by the end of the Middle Ages. Archaeologists and historians have long sought its remains, and in 1994, a French underwater expedition rediscovered parts of the ancient wonder submerged in Alexandria’s harbor. Among the ruins were massive blocks of stone and remnants of the once-magnificent statues, offering a haunting glimpse into the past.

Today, Pharos serves as a symbol of human ingenuity and maritime prowess, inspiring generations with its story of resilience and innovation. While it may no longer stand, its legacy endures in the annals of history, reminding us of the architectural brilliance that once illuminated the night sky above Alexandria.